Inhaler options: Find the right inhaler for asthma & COPD

Choosing an inhaler shouldn’t feel confusing. There are several types, each with pros and cons depending on your condition, age, and lifestyle. This guide lays out common inhaler options and simple tips to pick and use one safely.

Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are small canisters that deliver medicine in a spray. They work well if you use a spacer — a plastic tube or chamber that catches the spray so you can inhale it more easily. Spacers help kids and adults who struggle with timing. Shake the MDI, exhale, seal your lips around the mouthpiece, press once, inhale slowly, and hold your breath for 5–10 seconds.

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) release medication as a powder when you breathe in. They don’t need a spacer and are breath-activated, so you must inhale quickly and deeply. DPIs are good for people who can generate a strong breath. Don’t use a DPI if you have very weak inhalation or during severe breathlessness.

Soft mist inhalers make a slow, fine mist that’s easier to inhale than an MDI spray. They often deliver more medicine to the lungs and less to the mouth and throat. These can be a solid middle ground for patients who want something gentler than an MDI but don’t want to rely on a strong inhalation like with a DPI.

Nebulizers turn liquid medicine into a mist that you breathe through a mask or mouthpiece. They’re useful for young children, very sick patients, or anyone who can't use an inhaler properly. Nebulizer sessions take longer and need a power source or batteries, but they’re simple to use and effective during attacks.

Combination inhalers mix two medicines, for example an inhaled steroid plus a long-acting bronchodilator. They reduce the number of devices you carry and simplify daily therapy. Your doctor may suggest a combo inhaler for better control of chronic asthma or COPD.

How to choose

Ask your clinician about ease of use, your inhalation strength, and whether you can use a spacer. For daily control, inhaled corticosteroids or combinations are common. For quick relief, a short-acting beta-agonist like albuterol is standard. Think about cost, refill availability, and whether you travel — some inhalers need protection from extreme temperatures.

Using and caring for inhalers

Practice technique with a nurse or pharmacist. Clean mouthpieces weekly and check doses if the device has a counter. Store inhalers away from heat and moisture. If you get throat irritation from steroid inhalers, rinse your mouth after use. Report side effects like rapid heartbeat, tremors, or worsening cough to your doctor.

Choosing the right inhaler means matching the device to your ability to use it and the medicine you need. Talk openly with your healthcare team about your daily routine, inhaler handling skills, and budget to find the best option.

If cost or access is an issue, ask your clinician about generic versions, patient assistance programs, or pharmacy discounts to keep treatment consistent and affordable over time.